Cerium oxide acts as a widely utilized material in numerous applications. Its unique chemical and physical properties lend to its flexibility. For illustration, cerium oxide is frequently employed in catalytic converters to decrease harmful emissions from vehicles. Additionally, it finds application in the production of glass due to its high refrac

Gold sputtering targets are essential components in various thin-film deposition processes, owing to their exceptional attributes. These targets, often made of high-purity gold, are used in a sputtering system to generate an ionized plasma that deposits a thin layer of gold onto a substrate. The resulting gold films exhibit remarkable reflectivity,